The
Survey Sample
A total of 739 households were selected as samples
for the 2003 National Demographic and Health Survey
in SOCCSKSARGEN Region. The recorded household response
rate is 99.7%. In the households interviewed, 663
women were identified as eligible respondents for
the individual interview and the response rate is
98.8%. On the other hand, 275 male members of the
interviewed households were identified as eligible
respondent, of which the response rate is 92.7%.
Education Of Household Population
Most household population in Region XII has
some formal education. Among women, only 11% have
had no formal education. Around 42% for women and
48% for men had elementary school only, 32% women
and 29% men attended high school only. Approximately
16% of women and 13% of men have completed college
or higher education.
Gender parity index for primary (1.03) and secondary
(1.26) indicated that girls are more likely to be
in school than boys. Among Mindanao regions, Northern
Mindanao has the highest secondary gender parity
index of 1.50, while CARAGA has the lowest at 1.04.
FIGURE 1.
Percentage Distribution of Males and Females by
Highest Grade Completed, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source: National
Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
EXPOSURE
TO MASS MEDIA. In
SOCCSKSARGEN, only 12.8% of women and 7.1% of
men do not have exposure to any form of mass media.
Radio remains as the most popular mass media exposure
(77% for women & 81% for men) followed by
television, with 70% for women and 73% for men.
Newspaper and magazine reading is not popular
as compared to the other two media; 23% of women
and 30% of men read newspaper and magazine weekly.
FIGURE
2. Percentage Distribution
of Males and Females by
Exposure to Mass Media, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source: National
Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
EMPLOYMENT
AND OCCUPATION. The
percentage of currently employed men preceding
the survey recorded at 74% is still higher compared
to that of females with 51%. In terms of occupation,
men dominate the agricultural workers while women
usually work as sales & services workers.
A number of men are engage as unskilled manual
laborers.
FIGURE
3. Percentage Distribution
of Males and Females by Employment
and Occupation Preceding the Survey, SOCCSKSARGEN:
2003
Source: National
Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Fertility
& Childbearing Experience
CHILDBEARING LEVELS.
Women in SOCCSKSARGEN region would have an average
4.2 children in her entire life. Among the Mindanao
regions, SOCCSKSARGEN, Zamboanga Peninsula &
ARMM registered the highest fertility level and
Davao region as the lowest with 3.1 children per
woman. Women in the region who have reached the
end of their childbearing period (40-49) have
born a total of 5.0 children on the average.
FIGURE 4.
Childbearing Levels by Mindanao Regions: 2003
Source: National
Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
CHILDBEARING
AMONG YOUTH. Thirty-five percent of SOCCSKSARGEN's
adolescent women have begun childbearing. An average
woman experiences the onset of childbearing at
the age of 22.2. As compared to other regions
in Mindanao, Region XII posted the highest percentage
of young mothers. In addition, those women ages
35-39 have begun childbearing at the age of 23.5.
This figure is a little bit higher compared to
women ages 25-34 which begun childbearing at their
earlier age of 21.8.
FIGURE 5.
Percentage of Women Aged 15-24 Who Have
Begun
Childbearing by Mindanao Regions: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Childbearing
Preferences
IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN.
Taking their average age, the survey found out
that SOCCSKSARGEN women ages 15-49 wants to have
a mean ideal number of three (3.1 to be exact)
children. Women ages 45-49 wants one child more
than teenage women. Those women ages 35-44 has
higher mean ideal number of children compared
to other reproductive ages. In general, it was
observed that the mean ideal number of children
increases as women's age increases though there
is only a slight decrease of 0.1% between women
age 40-44 and 45-49.
FIGURE
6. Ideal Number
of Children by Age Cohort of Women
Respondents, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
DESIRE
TO LIMIT CHILDBEARING.
Almost three out of five presently married women
in the region wished for no more children. Approximately
14% of married women with more than five living
children still expressed their desire to have
additional children. An
estimate of 50% of currently married women with
2 living children expressed the need to have more
children.
FIGURE
7. Percentage of
Currently Married Women by Number
of Children Desired, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
WANTED
FERTILITY. Based
on the reported total fertility rat, statistics
show that in the Philippines, a Filipino woman
will have a total of 3.5 children in her entire
life. However, only 2.5 children are actually
planned. The rest are considered unplanned or
unwanted. In Region XII, women have 1.2 unplanned
pregnancies.
FIGURE
8. Total and Wanted
Fertility Rate,
Philippines vs. SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
NEED
FOR FAMILY PLANNING. Although 7 out of
10 Filipino women respondents in SOCCSKSARGEN
want to delay or prevent childbearing, but still
17.4% of them are not doing something to keep
away or refrain from being pregnant this group
of women who are at threat of unwanted pregnancy
have unmet need for family planning. All in all,
seventy-five percent of family planning needs
in the region are satisfied.
FIGURE
9. Percentage Distribution of Unmet and
Met Needs of Family Planning, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
FAMILY
PLANNING. One of the most widely used indicators
to assess the progress of a national family planning
program is the level of current use of contraception.
In the region, the overall contraceptive prevalence
rate or the proportion of married women age 15-49
who were using some method of family planning
is 50.7% - 37.8% using modern methods and 13.0%
using traditional methods.
FIGURE
10. Percentage Distribution of Family Planning
Methods,Philippines vs. SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
METHOD
MIX. In the SOCCSKSARGEN region, 37.8%
of married women use modern method of contraception.
Of these modern methods, pill is the frequently
used contraceptive, which recorded 14.7%. Not
to be left behind are those married women (8.9%)
who prefers female sterilization as the safest
way to avoid pregnancy.
Those who prefer IUD amounting to 8.4% closely
followed them. Moreover, some married women are
in no doubt that injectables (3.9%) and male condom
(1.3%) can keep them away from pregnancy. A minimal
percentage of 0.3% and 0.2% choose male sterilization
and Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) respectively.
No record is reported about the use of mucus/
billings/ ovulation method. Among traditional
method, most married women resort to calendar/
rhythm/ periodic abstinence, which posted 8.2%.
There are still those who decide on traditional
withdrawal method (3.9%).
FIGURE 11.
Use of Contraception among Currently Married
Women Age 15-49 years old, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
EXPOSURE TO
FAMILY PLANNING MESSAGES. Radio and television
are the most promising medium to which family
planning messages are heard or seen by women in
the region with 56 and 54 percent, respectively.
Poster comes next with 35 percent. A few or 25
percent women express they read on pamphlets.
FIGURE 12.
Percentage Distribution of Contraception Use Among
Currently
Married Women Age 15-49 years old, SOCCSKSARGEN:
2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Marriage And
Sexual Intercourse
Age at first marriage. In view of the fact
that most births in the Philippines occur in the
bounds of marriage, the age of women when they
got first got married is a valuable determinant
of fecundity. In the Philippines, women got married
for the first time in their lives at age 22. Meanwhile,
SOCCSKSARGEN women get married earlier, at age
21. Muslim women were the earliest marriers, specifically
those residing in ARMM, who marry when they are
nearly 20 years old.
Age at first intercourse.
Generally, women encounter first intercourse
soon before marriage. However, an exception is
noted in Muslim regions where pre-marital sex
is unanimously being strictly prohibited. In ARMM,
for instance, women experience the first sexual
intercourse at the age of 20, a little after they
marry at age 19.9. Similarly, Zamboanga women
have their first intercourse at age 21, shortly
after their first marriage at age 20.9. In SOCCSKSARGEN,
women experienced their first sexual intercourse
during their first marriage at the age of 21.
FIGURE 13.
First Marriage and First Intercourse, Philippines
and Mindanao Regions: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Maternal Health
Care
COVERAGE OF ANTENATAL CARE. The Department
of Health (DOH) recommended a minimum of four
antenatal visits with at least one visit during
each trimester of pregnancy for all pregnant women.
The majority women in SOCCSKSARGEN received some
antenatal care during pregnancy from a trained
health professional - 16.4 percent from a doctor
and 65.7 percent from a nurse or midwife. About
6 percent pregnant women receive no care at all.
Among the Mindanao regions, antenatal care varies.
Majority of the regions received antenatal care
from a health professional except in ARMM where
almost half of the women received antenatal care
from a traditional birth attendant.
FIGURE 14.
Percentage Distribution of Antenatal Care Among
Women with
Live Birth in the Past 5 Years, SOCCSKSARGEN:
2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
CONTENT OF
ANTENATAL CARE. High-quality antenatal
care includes educating pregnant women about conditions
during pregnancy that they should recognize as
dangerous to them or to their baby so as to allow
early intervention. It is recommended by DOH that
weight, height and blood pressure were measure,
or samples of urine be taken during antenatal
visits of pregnant women. About 82 percent of
the pregnant women in SOCCSKSARGEN have their
blood pressure measured. Other recommended practices
such as weight measurement, height measurement,
urine sampling and blood sampling posted 78.1,
54.4, 27.7 and 18.8 percent, respectively.
Around 48 percent of the pregnant women in the
region during their antenatal care visits are
informed of pregnancy complications such as; vision,
swollen face, swollen hands, and paleness or anemia.
Among women in Mindanao, women in CARAGA are likely
to be more informed of pregnancy complications
(71 percent), while women in ARMM are least likely
to be informed (35 percent).
PLACE OF DELIVERY.
Twenty-three percent of live births in
the five years preceding the survey were delivered
in a health facility, and 76.2 percent were born
at home. About thirteen percent of births took
place in a government hospital or health center,
and almost 10 percent occurred in private facility.
Among the Mindanao regions, delivery in a government
health facility is most common in Caraga and Davao
with 22.2 and 21.6 percent, respectively.
DELIVERY ASSISTANCE. Most births in the
region are assisted by hilot (58.7 percent) while
37.2 percent assisted by health professional:
19.7 percent by a doctor, 17.2 percent by a midwife,
and 0.3 percent by a nurse. Davao region posted
the highest percentage in delivery assistance
of doctors while ARMM have only 8.5 percent.
FIGURE 15.
Place of Delivery in the Past 5 Years Preceding
the
Survey, SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
POSTNATAL CARE. The
DOH recommends that women receive a postpartum
check-up within two days after delivery. Women
who delivered in a health facility are assumed
to have received a postnatal check-up within two
days after delivery. Of
the 162 women in the region giving birth outside
a health facility, 44 percent received a postnatal
check-up within two days after delivery. About
34 percent received postnatal check-up after 3-41
days. However, 21 percent of the women who give
birth outside a health facility do not receive
any postnatal check-up.
FIGURE
16. Timing of Postnatal
Check Among Women Respondents,
SOCCSKSARGEN: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Child
Survival And Children's Health
Mortality levels among
young children in Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) have
shown good figures against nearby regions during
the 2003 NDHS. That is, only 37 children die for
every 1,000 live births before reaching the age
of 5. More children in this region also have received
the basic vaccines needed for child health that
is 71 percent.
CHILDHOOD MORTALITY. Five
indicators are presented here, namely (a) infant
mortality, which is the number of infant deaths
per 1,000 live births during the first 12 months
of life; (b) neonatal mortality (NN), which is
the probability of dying within the first month
of life; (c) postneonatal mortality (PNN), which
is the probability of dying after the first month
of life but before age one year; (d) child mortality
(CMR), which is the probability of dying between
exact age one and age five per 1,000 live births;
and (e) under-five mortality rate, which is the
probability of dying between birth and exact age
five.
FIGURE
17. Early Childhood
Mortality Indicators, Mindanao Regions: 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Under-five
mortality level in SOCCSKSARGEN posted 37 deaths
for every 1,000 live births in the 2003 NDHS.
Of which, 27 deaths belonging to IMR and the remaining
10 belong to CMR. Most deaths on infants happen
during neonatal period (from birth to first month
of life), resulting to 15 per 1,000 live births.
Nearby regions, as observed
on the table, marked bigger numbers except on
the neonatal mortality wherein Region IX - Zamboanga
Peninsula only has 6 deaths per 1,000 live births
against Region XII of 15 deaths for every 1,000
live births. In the same way, although Region
XI and Region XII have a common CMR of 10 but
Region XI has an IMR of 38, which resulted to
higher under-five mortality (47), compared to
Region XII of only 27 IMR and under-five mortality
of 37 deaths for every 1,000 live births. ARMM
under-five mortality (72) almost doubles the figure
of Region XII that has only 37 deaths for every
1,000 live births. This is also because of higher
figures on the IMR and CMR of this region, 41
and 33 deaths per 1,000 live births respectively.
VACCINATION OF CHILDREN.
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
of the Philippine government is looking forward
of having a universal immunization against seven
diseases (tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria,
pertussis, tetanus, measles, and hepatitis B).
It recommends that children be given the following
basic vaccines: one dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
(BCG) at birth or at first clinical contact, vaccine
against measles at nine months or after but before
reaching one year of age, and three doses each
of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) vaccine
and oral polio vaccine (OPV) at monthly intervals
starting six weeks of age. Having received all
these vaccines, a child is then considered fully
immunized.
In Region XII, almost seventy-one (71) percent
of the children aged 12-23 months have completed
the basic vaccines, as recommended by EPI. High
percentage were obvious on the first doses of
DPT, which is 91.7 percent, followed by the first
doses of OPV, 91 percent and BCG of 88.1 percent.
There are 7.5 percent of the children in the region
who have not received any of those mentioned vaccines.
All over Mindanao regions, ARMM gave the least
percentage of children to have received the complete
basic vaccines of only 44 percent with Caraga
on top at 77.6 percent.
FIGURE 18.
Percentage of children age 12-23 months
who received specific vaccinations, SOCCSKSARGEN:
2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
TREATMENT OF
CHILDHOOD ILLNESS. The 2003 NDHS indicated
that SOCCSKSARGEN have children under age of five
with 11.5 percent to have symptoms of acute respiratory
infection (ARI), (cough accompanied by short,
rapid breathing; which is consistently one of
the leading causes of death among children in
the Philippines), and 24.6 percent to have fever,
(which could be a symptom of measles, respiratory
infections, typhoid, dengue, or other infectious
diseases), two weeks before the survey. Among
the reported children to have these only 38.2
percent were taken to a health facility or health
provider, as reported.
Among the 11.4 percent of the children reported
in SOCCSKSARGEN to have diarrhea two weeks preceding
the survey, only 31.2 percent were taken to a
health facility for diarrhea treatment. Mother's
knowledge about oral rehydration salts (ORS),
as a diarrhea treatment, marked only to 85.4 percent,
which is followed by ARMM at 79.9%.
HIV/AIDS AWARENESS.
Although awareness about HIV/AIDS in the region
is extremely high but knowledge on its prevention
is low. More than half of the respondents cited
misconception on this and stigma and discrimination
is extensive.
KNOWLEDGE AND MISCONCEPTIONS
RELATED TO HIV/AIDS IN THE REGION. Almost
92 percent of women and over 96 percent of men
in the 2003 NDHS respondents in the region have
heard of AIDS. Moreover, most men in the region
believe that there is a way to avoid HIV/AIDS,
with 86.8 percent of male respondents as against
to only 83.4 percent of the female respondents.
Result on the knowledge of HIV prevention methods
also show that women in the region are less knowledgeable
than men about the two major methods, only 36
percent of women compared to 39 percent of men,
as recorded. These methods are using condoms and
limiting sex to one uninfected partner. And considering
other regions in Mindanao, these results would
give an impact that very few people in SOCCSKSARGEN
knew both of the major methods.
FIGURE 19.
Percentage Distribution of Knowledge on
HIV/AIDS,
Female vs. Male: SOCCSKSARGEN 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Misconception about AIDS and HIV transmission
is one of the factors that contribute to discrimination
and stigmatization. The 2003 NDHS asked respondents
about common misconceptions in the region. Respondents
were asked whether AIDS can be transmitted by
mosquito bites; whether AIDS can be transmitted
by supernatural means; and whether a person can
be infected through sharing food with a person
who has AIDS. The 2003 NDHS result would show
that more than half of men and women respondents
know that AIDS cannot be transmitted by mosquito
bites that is 61 percent and 66 percent respectively.
On the other hand, lesser proportions of men and
women respondents (46 percent and 39 percent,
respectively) know that a person cannot be infected
by sharing food with person with AIDS. In addition,
the corresponding percentages that correctly rejected
the two most common misconceptions were 45 percent
for women and much lesser for men, only 27 percent.
FIGURE 20.
Percentage Distribution of Knowledge on
HIV/AIDS Prevention,
Female vs. Male: SOCCSKSARGEN 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
STIGMA AND
DISCRIMINATION ASSOCIATED WITH HIV/AIDS IN THE
REGION. Only 3 out of every 10 women and
2 out of every 10 men are willing to care for
family member with HIV at home. And most of the
respondents agree that HIV-positive status should
not necessarily be kept confidential, that is
8 for every 10 women and almost 9 for every 10
men in the region.
Discrimination against person with AIDS is also
high in this region. Respondents were asked, "If
a female teacher has the AIDS virus, should she
be allowed to continue teaching?" Only 10.4
percent of women and 9.3 percent for men respondents
agreed on this.
FIGURE 21.
Percentage Distribution of Accepting Attitudes
Toward Those Infected with HIV/AIDS,
Female vs. Male: SOCCSKSARGEN 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
PREMARITAL
SEX AND USE OF CONDOMS AMONG YOUTH. Among
never-married respondents age 15-24 years, 56
percent of the men said they had sex in the 12
months preceding the survey, compared with nearly
none of women (0.6 percent). Six percent of young
men also report had sex with two or more partners
in the past 12 months preceding the survey. Condom
use at first sex is very low among young men,
age 15-24, in the region, as reported. And more
young women (7 out 10), age 15-24, in SOCCSKSARGEN
has knowledge of a source for condoms than young
men (6 out of10).
Tuberculosis: Knowledge,
Treatment And Discrimination
Knowledge of tuberculosis in the region is high
but the knowledge regarding its causes and its
mode of transmission is very low. Very least respondents
diagnosed with TB seek for treatment but almost
half of the respondents were found to have at
least one symptom of TB.
KNOWLEDGE OF TB. Awareness of tuberculosis
for men and women is very high in the region,
but knowledge of its causes and transmission modes
is very low. Only 21 percent from women and 5.1
percent from men know that microbes, germs or
bacteria cause TB. Knowledge of its transmission
through the air when coughing marked only to 37.5
percent for women and 27.6 for men.
FIGURE 22.
Percentage Distribution of Knowledge on
Tuberculosis,
Female vs. Male: SOCCSKSARGEN 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
TREATMENT OF
TUBERCULOSIS. Only 0.6 percent of the women
have been diagnosed with tuberculosis in the five
years preceding the survey, while exactly 3 percent
of men were diagnosed of the same case which is
second highest in the Philippines.
FIGURE 23.
Percentage Distrbution of Respondents Who
Experienced
TB Symptoms, Female vs. Male: SOCCSKSARGEN 2003
Source:
National Statistics Office, 2003 NDHS
Women respondents from SOCCSKSARGEN reported
that nearly half (45.4 percent) of them have at
least one symptom of TB while only 43.8 percent
came out from men respondents. As reported, these
people not seeking consultation or treatment thought
(1) symptoms are harmless and (2) consultation
is quite expensive. Only 40 percent from women
and 50 percent from men seek for treatment.
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For
more information or data request on the final
report of the 2003
National Demographic and Health Survey,
send us email
or visit NSO SOCCSKSARGEN Regional and its
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